Abstract:
This thesis explores theories of multilocality, place-making, ethnoscape, authenticity and
vernacular politics as a means of understanding expressions of place and heritage
preservation within a complex urban space. Regarding authenticity, heritage and heritage
preservation, this thesis contrasts the perspectives of local residents and business owners
with city program managers in three neighborhoods of East Baltimore, Maryland.
Baltimore, as a field site, is significant because efforts to preserve local heritage and
define authentic places have intensified in the last ten years as the effects of urban
revitalization are felt in the city’s neighborhoods. Economic growth and a shift from an
industrial to a mixed residential-commercial use in some neighborhoods have brought an
influx of new ethnic groups and social classes to historically white, working-class
neighborhoods. As a result, the number and scope of authenticity programs has increased
since the city’s first historic district was designated in 1969. Authenticity programs
discussed here include historic districts (as designated by the National Register of
Historic Places), the Main Street program (as designated by the National Trust for
Historic Preservation and managed by city employees), the state-sponsored Baltimore
Heritage Area (as designated by the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority and managed by
city employees), and the proposed federally-designated Baltimore National Heritage Area
(which would be designated by Congress and associated with the National Park Service).
The research was conducted using ethnographic methods of participant observation, face-to-
face interview, and study of ethnographic products including artwork, architecture,
festivals, food, newspapers, brochures, flyers, websites, promotional and documentary
film and other community publications. Research also included a review of related
public records, such as legislation, news releases, feasibility studies, management plans,
reports, and official websites.
This thesis adds to the growing body of knowledge about the role and impacts of
authenticity programs, such as heritage areas, in community development and
preservation. It expands the understanding of how ethnographic space is defined and
created within an urban setting.
