Background: Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal malabsorptive disorder characterized by
intestinal villous atrophy and triggered by an autoimmune response to gluten, leading to
malnutrition and secondary conditions ...
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important second messenger in cardiac myocytes and regulates the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the process which converts electrical signal into the mechanical contraction of the myocytes. ...