Civilian Security Under Government Captivity: Children Experiences of Law and Security in the Nigerian-Boko Haram Conflict

Abstract

This research investigates the dynamics of children's security in conflict zones, with a focused examination on Nigeria, particularly the challenges posed by groups like Boko Haram. Employing a qualitative research approach, informed by methodologies outlined in Keith Punch and Jonathan Smith's works, the thesis aims to provide a detailed understanding of the factors influencing children's safety in such hazardous environments, while evaluating existing legal and policy frameworks. The choice of Nigeria as a case study offers insights into the complexities of its federal system and the implications for the implementation of laws concerning children's rights. Three research questions address the adequacy of Nigerian laws: To what extent do Nigerian laws and policies aim to protect children? As these policies are implemented through government entities, such as the military and police, how, if at all, do they fall short in protecting children? And when they are implementing the law and the policies in the context of anti-terrorism, specifically against Boko Haram, what does the legal plan look like in the antiterrorism application? Through a comprehensive analysis of Nigerian legal documents spanning a decade, coupled with archival interviews sourced from reputable organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, the research delves into the lived experiences and perceptions of children affected by conflict. Thematic analysis of these interviews, guided by Clarke and Braun's approach, identifies recurring themes such as arbitrary arrest, physical abuse, and psychological trauma, shedding light on the challenges faced by children in conflict-affected regions. Additionally, a comparative analysis of data from various sources enhances understanding of the broader context surrounding children's security. Despite the researcher encountering limitations such as data scarcity and emotional distress during data collection, the study underscores the imperative of prioritizing children's well-being amid conflict. Furthermore, the research highlights the disparities between legal mandates and their implementation, particularly concerning the Nigerian government's response to the threat posed by Boko Haram. Despite legal provisions aimed at safeguarding children, including those outlined in the Nigerian Constitution and the Child Rights Act of 2003, the study reveals significant gaps in enforcement and protection mechanisms. In the context of counter-terrorism efforts, the Nigerian military's detention policies exhibit a disregard for established laws, exposing children to risks of abuse and neglect. The findings underscore the urgent need for a coherent and rights-based approach to antiterrorism strategies, one that prioritizes the protection of vulnerable populations, including children. By explaining these complexities, this research serves as a critical resource for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars engaged in efforts to address children's security in conflict-affected regions. Ultimately, it highlights the importance of protecting children's rights and keeping them safe during conflicts, which helps create a safer and more inclusive future for everyone.