Neural Signatures of Trust in Reciprocity
| dc.contributor.advisor | Krueger, Frank | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chernyak, Sergey V | |
| dc.creator | Chernyak, Sergey V | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-09-28T10:23:07Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-09-28T10:23:07Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Trust facilitates conditions for safe sharing of valued resources – a social setting vital to success in a wide range of socio-technological networks. With an increasing reliance of economic initiatives on trust-assured interactions, the need to inquire into the mental processes of trust has emerged. This led to a proliferation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies focusing on domain-specific measures. However, inherent metric deficits of fMRI have resulted in discrete outcomes highlighting further need for constructing a comprehensive neurocognitive model of trust. Here, a domain-general methodology aims at overcoming the negative tendencies in prior fMRI studies by applying a series of coordinate-based “Activation Likelihood Estimation” (ALE) meta-analyses of the fMRI data and a data-driven Multivariate Granger Causality (MVGC) connectivity analysis of hyperscan-fMRI data – an approach not undertaken in trust studies prior to this dissertation. To determine the effects on behavior of cross-study variability in brain activation during a trust-inducing investment game (IG) task, the meta-analysis aims at revealing the extent of neurocognitive differentiation during trust, learning to trust and reciprocity. One-shot IG, implicating unconditional trust, is compared to multi-round IG implicating the conditional trust. In the MVGC study, the neurocognitive differences in the effective connectivity of interpersonal (“brain-to-brain”) trust are discerned. Meta-analysis revealed a strong differential response between unconditional trust (ambiguity, insula) and conditional trust (reward, ventral striatum). Learning to trust engaged a goal-guided (rostrolateral PFC) transition between decision-making (dorsal striatum, action-valuation) and feedback processing (ventral striatum, reward reinforcement). Reciprocating trust was linked to insula-mediated norm-compliance tendency to avoid breaking trust. For the effective connectivity analysis, a steady increase in trust and reciprocity engaged a mentalizing network as evidenced in the observed dorsal PFC connectivity with the parietal cortex. Within-trustor, dorsomedial (dmPFC) bidirectional connectivity with posterior cingulate cortex was key to guiding trust-valued choices (hypothalamus). Within-trustee, the key motive of norm-compliance – trustworthiness (lateral orbitofrontal cortex) was mediated by dorsomedial and dorsolateral PFC in Stage 1 and by precuneus in Stage 2. For the brain-to-brain exchange, the trustor’s dmPFC was most active, but the trustee’s dmPFC was virtually absent indicating dissociable patterns of other-regarding preferences for the trustor and trustee. Collectively, this dissertation lends evidence consistent with the putative socio-cognitive, economic-utility and reinforcement-learning models of trust and opens new perspectives by applying an effective domain-general data-driven dynamic approach. | |
| dc.format.extent | 134 pages | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1920/10465 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.rights | Copyright 2016 Sergey V Chernyak | |
| dc.subject | Neurosciences | |
| dc.subject | Economics | |
| dc.subject | Ethics | |
| dc.subject | Effective connectivity | |
| dc.subject | Granger causality | |
| dc.subject | Hyperscan-fMRI | |
| dc.subject | Trust | |
| dc.title | Neural Signatures of Trust in Reciprocity | |
| dc.type | Dissertation | |
| thesis.degree.discipline | Neuroscience | |
| thesis.degree.grantor | George Mason University | |
| thesis.degree.level | Ph.D. |
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