Hart, David M.Sklarew, Jennifer F.2015-09-142015-09-142015https://hdl.handle.net/1920/9872External shocks do not always generate energy system transformation. This dissertation examines how government relationships with electric utilities and the public impact whether shocks catalyze energy system change. The study analyzes Japanese energy policymaking from the oil crises through the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Findings reveal that policymakers’ cooperation with and clout over electric utilities and the public can enable shocks to transform energy systems. When electric utilities wield clout, public trust in and influence on the government determine the existing system’s resilience and the potential for a new system to emerge. Understanding this effect informs energy policy design and innovation.324 pagesenCopyright 2015 Jennifer F. SklarewPublic policyPolitical scienceEnergyEnergyInstitutionsJapanPolicymakingShocksTransitionsDissertation